利用辐射噪声多线谱的多普勒进行距离估计

Range estimation by Doppler of multi-line in radiated noise spectrum

提出了一种利用辐射噪声多线谱的多普勒频移去估计直线匀速运动目标正横距离的方法,这种方法用单水听器进行无源测距,且不需要知道海深和其它环境参数。先用Wigner-Ville分布作为瞬时频率估计器估计出多线谱瞬时频率随时间变化作为一个信号,再定义多普勒频移的基函数,依据一种匹配投影原理,在五维空间中用一种可变步长的搜索策略去寻找该信号与多普勒频移基函数之间的最小空间距离。所找到最小距离的基函数对应于目标距离和速度的估计值。计算机模拟给出不同强度干扰噪声下的测距测速的统计误差。当干扰噪声的标准差为最大多普勒频移的10％及时间窗宽度为1．47倍的参考时宽时,测距相对误差小于5．4％,测速相对误差小于1．4％。对某海上实际目标的距离估计为42 m,速度为52 kn,与实际航行的值相符。此单点无源测距方法可应用于声呐浮标、水雷、水声实验中水声目标的运动分析和水下目标声源级测量。

A method by applying Doppler frequency shift of multi-line in radiated noise spectrum to estimate the vertical range from a receiver to a moving vessel, which is supposed to move along a straight line at a constant velocity, is developed. This method is based on passive ranging by a single sensor and the depth of the sea and other environment parameters are not necessarily known. First the Wigner-Ville distribution is used as the instantaneous frequency estimator to find out the instantaneous frequencies of the muti-lines as a signal. Then define Doppler frequency shift basis functions, based on an algorithm called matching pursuit, by a searching strategy of variable span, and explore the minimum spatial distance between the signal and the Doppler frequency shift basis functions in a five-dimension space. The basis function of the obtained minimum spatial distance corresponds to the estimates of range and speed of the moving vessel. Computer simulations yield statistics errors in the range and speed estimates with differing intensities of noise. If the white noise deviation is less than 10% of the maximum Doppler frequency shift and time-window width is 1.47 times of referenceduration, relative error of range estimation is less than 5.4% and relative error of speed estimates is less than 1.4% . This estimation method has been tested and the result conforms to data collected during an experiment on the sea, the speed is 52 knots and the range is 42 meters. The single point passive ranging method can be used for ranging purposes in sonar-buoys, mines, movement analysis of an underwater object in underwater acoustics experiment, and sound source level measurements.