摘要
Western ＂ethics＂ as an independent discipline gained its definition from Aristotle. However, in none of his works -- The Nicomachean Ethics, Magna Moralia, Ethics Eudemia, and The Politics （in Aristotle＇s view, ethics belonged to politics）—— have people found a clear definition of ethics. Mr Miao Litian translated Aristotle＇s The Nicomachean Ethics from Greek into Chinese. The Chinese sentence in the beginning of the second book to the effect that ＂whereas ethics comes from custom, so a slight change in the spelling of the Greek word denoting custom gives rise to the word ethics＇＇2 is frequently quoted by some Chinese without hesitation as a definition of＂ethics＂ by Aristotle. But according to the German translation of this paragraph it has nothing to do with the concept of ethics：
在亚里士多德的学科体系中,伦理学首先从实践哲学得到规定,而他的“实践”作为个体内在合目的性的自我完善和自我实现的“行为”,是Dascin意义上的超越性本真实存活动,与现代意义上的与“理论”对立的“实践”是对立的。当亚里士多德把他的作为实践哲学的伦理学从属于“政治学”时,他揭示出我们“常人”实存的本性就是城邦中共存。但伦理的共存先于个体的实存,共存的伦理——公正——不是“德性”的一种,而是德性的整体,个体德性只是附在这一“整体”上的“皮毛”。无论是个体的本真实存还是城邦的伦理共存,最终都是为了人之为人的卓越性(德性)的实现,伦理学本质上成为”人学”,其核心的问题结构是个体的本真实存和城邦的伦理共存的关系。
