内蒙古小城镇可持续发展的问题与对策

THE PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF INNER MONGOLIA 'S SMALL TOWN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

“九五”以来,内蒙古小城镇建设进入了快速发展时期,但仍存在着数量少、规模小、质量低、基础弱,必需型资源短缺,二、三产业发展迟缓,土地集约利用程度较低,规划与建设缺乏科学性,政策体制与管理方式不能适应发展需要等诸多问题与制约因素。为此,本文提出科学规划、优化资源配置、调整产业结构、改革户籍制度、加强城镇基础设施建设等加快内蒙古小城镇可持续发展的对策与措施。

The small town development of Inner Mongolia has come into a rapid period since the ＂ninth-five＂ plan, up to the end of 2002, there were 431 organized towns and 726 market towns in Inner Mongolia, the population in organized system towns was 2,521,700, among which the non-agriculture population occupied 66.60%. But there still exist some problems delaying the further development of these towns, They are： ①The needed resources such as water, intellect, capital are hard up, the resource collocation contradiction and the waste status are serious. In 2001, the daily consumption of tap waterfor residential use was 136 L per capita in Inner Mongolia, whereas the national average level was 216L. The people with senior professional certification were only in the proportion of 5.6%, which was less than the national average level by one percent.② The number of the towns is few, the size is small and the quality is low, the base is infirmness. In 2001, the organized town was in the proportion of 2.33% ,and the town density was 3.57 per 10,000 km^2, far less than the national average level of 18.84 per 10,000 km^2 and the east area average level of 64.9 per 10,000 km^2. Further more, the average net living space of the township resident and the percentage of population which can access to the tap water fell behind the national average level. ③ The industry structure is not reasonable, the secondary and tertiary industry develop slowly. In 2001, the percentage of secondary and tertiary industry in GDP was 76.8% in Inner Mongolia,the percentage of secondary and tertiary industry employee was 46.1%, less than the national average level of 84.7% and 50% respectively. ④ The building land expands rapidly, the degree of intensive utilization is low. The constructed areas increased from 118,877 ha in 2000 to 132,360 ha in 2002, with the average increase being 4,494.33 ha per year. The expanding speed of constructed areas exceeds the speed of population increase; the land increase flexibility coefficient is 1.14. ⑤ The planning and construction are lack of scientific quality, the policy system and the managing manner can not keep pace with the development. Aiming at the restricting factors and the main problems of the town＇ s development and construction, this paper puts forward the countermeasures such as： ① Work out scientific planning, give prominence to the key points, materialize the town＇s characteristics. ②Attach importance to the resources development and protection, optimize resource collocation. ③ Adjust industry structure, expedite economy flourish of town. ④ Improve the population diathesis, reform the system of household register. ⑤ Increase investment channel, reinforce the construction of infrastructure. ⑥ Reinforce the management and improve the environment.