商略古今,折衷汉宋:论王先谦的今文《诗》学

Negotiating between the Ancient and Modern, the Han School and the Song School:Wang Xianqian's Study of the “Modern Text" of the Shi Jing

嘉道之后的《诗》学承乾嘉之余绪,固有重考据之风,然亦有其相当复杂的一面,首先是考据中有今文一派的兴起,其次是重视考据研《诗》的学者,无论是古文、今文学派,两种文本都很重视;三是所谓宋学,即重视义理、诗旨、文气的研究方法,并未因考据学的兴起而终止。王先谦的《三家诗义集疏》及其经学思想比较典型地反映了嘉道以后《诗》学的复杂状况。

Although the philological models and methodologies of the Qian- Jia school became academically fashionable during the time of Jiaqing and Daoguang, Shi jing scholars approached the classical texts both linguistically and thematically. This paper examines the Shi jing studies of Wang Xianqian （1842 - 1917）, aiming to reveal the complicated development of Shi jing studies from the time of Jiaqing and Daoguang periods to the Late Qing. First, a group of scholars laid more emphasis on the Modern texts of the Shi jing; secondly, philological scholars, regardless of the so - called ＂Ancient - text＂ or ＂Modern - text＂ factional debates, unanimously valued both texts as important sources in their studies; thirdly, the resurgence of the philological studies did not completely overcome the so called ＂Song＂ school of learning in late Qing as has been suggested by many modern scholars. Scholars of the ＂Song＂ school carried forward the tradition of dealing mainly with the ultimate meaning, didactic objectives, and the literary sensations and styles of the Shi jing poems. Wang Xianqian＇s Shi sanjia yi jishu （A collection of the fragmented commentaries of the three Han schools of the Shi jing） and his opinions on classical studies thus reflect the complicated nature of the Shi jing studies from the Jiaqing period to late Qing.