以礼治国:朝鲜建国儒臣推行中国古礼的作用

Rule Country by Rite─The Widespread of Ancient Chinese Rite under the Influence of Confucian Ministers since the Founding of Chosun Dynasty

在李氏朝鲜一代,中国古礼之所以普及流传,与来自民间礼儒鼓吹、竞相研习不无关系。与此同时,朝鲜建国儒臣的积极推动,也是一个不容忽视的考虑因素。这些儒臣熟悉儒家礼治文化,又深得朝鲜太祖李成桂深信器重,他们在国策上倡行以礼治国,对于中国古礼的推行起了相当重要的作用。论文从三方面说明这个情况:一、分析太祖李成桂与建国儒臣的关系,当中以郑道传(?-1398)和赵浚(1346-1405)为主,揭示他们凭借执政大臣的职掌,把儒家礼治文化导入到治道层面上。二、指出当时推行礼治的两个依据:先礼后刑和礼入于法,由此探讨儒臣在建构礼、刑、法的三者关系上,为礼治的推行赋予法律的效力和增添刑罚的约束力。三、申明权近(1352-1409)等儒臣借鉴三国历史,向朝鲜太宗申明伦常纲纪和国家治乱的因果关系,藉此印证出古礼所以起到的治道成效。

Apart from the concentration on study of Confucian scholars＇ efforts, the political measures of Confucian ministers, which served an important role to propel the ancient Chinese rite generally in Chosun dynasty, deserve our consideration. These Confucian ministers were familiar with ritual knowledge, proposed to make rite becoming the governance of the dynasty. The following discussions focus on three aspects： 1. analyze the relationship between Chosun emperor and Confucian ministers, especially Zheng Dao ehuan and Zhao Jun, those who lay the foundation of governance based on rite. 2. indicate the reconstruction of rite, law and punishment, which regarded as a basis to implement ritual measures. 3. demonstrate Zhuan jin＇s seeking to corroborate the efficacy of rite from interpretation of historical records.