人体硼暴露及其代谢的研究进展

New advances in the research of boron exposure and metabolism in human body

硼是自然界中普遍存在的元素。一般人群主要通过饮水和食品暴露硼,硼作业工人也通过空气暴露硼。硼经人体吸收之后会很快分布于全身体液中,骨骼中的硼含量要高于血液。尿液硼浓度能够很好的反映硼的外暴露水平,可作为硼暴露的生物标志物。本文对近年来有关人体通过不同途径硼暴露及其代谢以及生物标志物的研究进展逃行了总结,并对今后的研究重点给出了建议。

This paper tins given a study on the up-to-date advances in exposure situation of human body to boron. As is known, boron is a ubiquitous element in nature. The range of boron concentration in the soil is about 2-100 mg/kg on average of 20 mg/kg. The average con- centration of boron in the sea water is 4.6mg/L, while its range of concentration is from 〈 0.01 to 1.5 mg/L in fresh water. Since common people are exposed to boron mainly through drinking water and eating food, daily boron intake for average people is about 0.2-0.6 mg/d usually through drinking water, and about 1-2 mg/d through food. However, boron occupational workers are exposed more seriously to boron by air intake, though the degrees of their exposure also differ as the different boron levels in air particulars. The half-life of boron metabolism in human body is less than 24 h and its excretion is mainly done through urine. After being absorbed, boron is distributed in human-bedy liquid quickly. Its level in bone is proves higher than that in blood. Its concentration in urine of normal people is about 1μg/mL, while in blood, boron concentration ranges from scores of nanograms to 100 nanograms per microlitre. However, its concentrations in urine and blood of people under high boron exposure can be much higher. Nevertheless, boron exposure level can be estimated properly. Therefore, it can be used as a biomarker. The present paper has made a summary on boron exposure through different approaches and from the point of view of its metabolize catabolism and biomarker, and proposed further research highlights in the future through the given summary.