公用征收中的公共利益标准——美国判例的发展演变

The "Public Use Standard" of Eminent Domain

符合公共利益是公用征收的前提,而公共利益又是个不确定的法律概念。在美国的判例中,关于如何判断公共利益大致可以分为严格解释阶段、宽严标准并存阶段以及宽泛解释的阶段。现在法院的主流判决基本上对公共利益还是采取宽泛的标准来理解。本文主要介绍了美国公用征收判例中公共利益判断标准的历史演变。

Keeping with the public use requirement is a precondition of eminent domain. The public use requirement, however, is an uncertain legal concept. In US case law, the judgment of public use requirement has undergone three stages of development： strict scrutiny, co - existence of strict and flexible scrutiny and flexible scrutiny. Today, the flexible scrutiny approach has been basically adopted in the leading decisions rendered by the court. The author analyses the historical evolution of the public use standard applied in US Courts.