自我同一性理论与经验研究

Theory and Research of Ego Identity

ErikErikson首先提出自我同一性的问题,并从多个角度对其进行描述,但没有对其进行实证研究。而Marcia则从复杂的自我同一性概念中析出两个维度,从而对自我同一性进行实证研究成为可能。随后的很多研究都把同一性发展归于个人因素,但这很难解释倒退现象,于是情境因素就被引入到同一性发展中来,现在许多研究者对于影响同一性发展的因素既有情境因素又有个人因素这一点已达成共识,并提出一些理论模型。与此同时,另有一些研究者希望探求到自我同一性这一构念与其它构念间的关系。同一性构念效度及其发展机制以及同一性构念与其它构念之间的关系仍是未来研究方向。

Erikson is the first person who advanced the problem of ego-identity. And he also described it from many perspectives. But he didn＇t do empirical research into it. However, Marcia found 2 dimensions from the complex ego identity so that people can do empirical research into ego identity. Later, many studies attributed the development of identity to personal factors, which made it difficult to explain regression. So people found that contextual factors were also factors which affect the development of ego identity. Now many researchers acknowledge that personal and contextual factors both affect the development of ego identity. And some of them have put forward some theoretical models. At the same time, other researchers hope to explore the relationship between ego identity and other constructs. And in the future, the construct validity of ego identity and its development mechanism, and the relationship between ego identity and other constructs will still be hot topics.