信仰迷失与生存悖论——对社会转型期人之精神状况的一种解读

Belief Lost and Survival Paradox

马克思在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》中把人对世界的把握分为四种基本方式:科学的、艺术的、实践——精神的和宗教的,据之可以把人的精神划分为知、情、意、信四种社会意识形式,由之而形成的则是真、善、美、仰四种思想境界。而信仰乃是人的最高境界,是人的生命的着落处。中国社会当代信仰的迷失是迷于形而下,失于形而上,即沉迷于形而下的意义,热衷于相对和有限的存在,而丢掉了对形而上的信仰,失去了对绝对和无限的兴趣。由之而导致的是生存的悖论:自我和真我的分离,存在和意义对立。在许多学者情钟于后现代的境况下,笔者却愿去从传统中寻找失去的价值。

Marx once divided human understanding of the world into four categories ： scientific, artistic, practical, spiritual and religious. Based on this, spirit can be categorized into knowledge, feeling, sense and confidence, thus leads to truth, kindness, beauty and belief. And belief is the supreme realm that man pursues, for it is the destination of life. Modern Chinese lost belief lies in their too much addiction to material, to relative and limited existence, too little interest in absoluteness and infinity. Hence it causes a paradox in life： the separation of self and real self, the conflict between existence and sense.