中国南方岩溶石山地区不同岩溶类型的地下水与环境地质问题

Groundwater and Environmental Geological Problems in Different Kinds of Karst Environment System in Karst Rock Areas of South China

依据碳酸盐岩的出露形式、岩性和层组类型、大地构造等,将南方岩溶环境系统划分为裸露型、埋藏型、覆盖型和断陷盆地型,其中裸露型又可分为连续型和间互型。简要叙述了连续性、间互型、埋藏型和覆盖型岩溶区的大地构造、岩性和岩层组合方面的特征,结合多个典型点最新的研究成果,重点介绍了连续型岩溶区的地表水缺乏、污染、内涝和石漠化问题,提出修建水窖、封山育林等措施缓解缺水和治理石漠化;同时介绍了间互型岩溶区的地表、地下水污染、缺水、石漠化问题,提出依托高位隔水层溶洼成库、寻找蓄水构造打井、封山育林等治理措施;最后介绍了埋藏型岩溶区的缺水、石漠化和塌陷问题,指出打井、恢复植被等治理措施。

According to the outcrop form,lithological, karst stratigraphic associations and geotectonics and so on, karst environment system in South China can be divided into four styles： bare karst, buried karst, covered karst and graben basin karst,in which the bare karst includes continuous style and isolated-alternate style. The geotectonic, lithological and stratigraphic associations characteristic of the four environment system types are depicted in brief combined with the new data from several typical spots. The paper introduces the problems of surface water shortage, contamination, waterlogging and rock desertification in continuous style, and puts forward that watercellar constructing, raising woods by seal mountains and planting famous, special and excellent economic crop are the measures to relax the problems of water shortage and rock desertifieation; ground water and environmental problems in isolated-alternate style are contamination, water shortage and rock desertification too. The measures to solve these problems are constructing reservoir in depression rely on perch aquifuge, searching sluice structure to dig well, raising woods by seal mountains and so on; problems in the covered karst style are water shortage, rock desertification and sink. Digging well and vegetation resume can solve these problems.