腹部外科新住院病人营养状况的调查

Nutritional Status of Hospital Patients Admitted to Department of General Surgery

目的调查北京协和医院基本外科腹部外科新病人的营养状况，建立和健全外科入院新病人的营养状况资料，有针对性地开展围手术期营养支持的护理工作。方法本研究采用便利抽样对北京协和医院2005年3～4月116例基本外科收治的腹部外科新住院病人采用微型营养评估（MNA）、躯体测量和生化检查进行营养状况的调查。利用SPSS12．0软件包，通过￡检验和方差分析对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果在116例腹部外科新住院病人中，有14．7％的病人存在营养不良，有53．4％的病人在入院时有发生营养不良的危险。恶性肿瘤病人的营养不良率、血生化异常率明显高于良性疾病病人，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；体重指数（BMI）和上臂围（AC）在良性和恶性疾病中无显著性差异；男性和女性的MNA比较无显著性差异；中青年组和老年组之间的MNA差异无显著。结论营养状况和病人所患疾病的性质、年龄、膳食结构关系密切。和性别无明显关联。

Objective To describe the nutritional status of patients admitted to department of general surgery, in order to provide relevant data for definitive nutritional support in this patient population. Methods Prospective study of 116 patients admitted to department of general surgery of PUMC hospital from March to April 2005. Nutritional status was assessed by mini-nutritional assessment, body measurement and blood chemistry. Student t test and ANOVA were used to detect statistical difference with SPSS 12.0. Results In a total of 116 patients, 14.7% were diagnosed as malnutrition, and 53.4% were at risk of malnutrition on admission. Compared with other patients, patients with malignancies were sig- nificantly prone to develop malnutrition and blood chemistry abnormalities （P 〈 0.05） . However, body mass index and antebrachial circumference were similar in patients with malignancies and other patients. Results of mini--nutritional assessment were not significantly different between males and females, as well as between young and elderly patients. Conclusions Nutritional status of surgical patients were influenced by underlying diseases, age, and diet, but not gender.