生态、环境需水与用水概念辨析

On the conception and connotation of ecological and environmental water requirements and uses

目的界定生态需水、环境需水、生态与环境需水、生态用水等概念的内涵及其相互间的不同。方法在概述了国内外生态、环境需水与用水相关概念界定的基础上,进行对比研究,理论探讨,定性分析。结果深入剖析了生态需水、环境需水、生态与环境需水、生态用水等概念的内涵,辨析了生态需水与环境需水、生态需水与生态用水在概念上的不同。结论认为生态需水是为了维持生态系统生物群落和栖息环境的动态稳定,在天然生态系统保护和生态系统修复、改善中所需要的水资源总量,而环境需水实质上就是为满足生态系统的各种生态功能健康所必需的水量,只有在明确了目标功能的前提下,环境需水量才能够被赋予具体的含义。

Aim To definite the conceptions and connotation of ecological water requirements, environmental water requirements, ecological and environmental water requirements and ecological water uses and the differences of those water requirements and water uses. Methods On the basis of the definitions of ecological and environmental water requirements and ecological and environmental water uses at home and abroad, comparative analysis, theoretical discussion and qualitative analysis were used in the study. Results The conceptions and connotation of ecological water requirements, environmental water requirements, ecological and environmental water requirements and ecological water uses were proposed. Furthermore, the differences between ecological water requirements and environmental water requirements, ecological water requirements and ecological water uses were discriminated. Conclusion Ecological water requirements refers to the whole volumes of water which will suffice natural ecosystem protection and ecological reestablish requirements so as to maintain physical biotope and physical habitat stabilization, whereas, environmental water requirements virtually confirm the volume of water which will keep ecosystem functions in good health, which contain material meanings only under objective functions were ascertained. Also, ecological Water requirements can be regarded as the volume of water which will keep ecosystem function in good healthy development or maintain good ecosystem balance, while ecological water uses refer to the volume of water which consumed actually during the process of ecosystem development.