上海汉族优秀耐力运动员ACE基因I/D多态性与最大有氧能力(O_2max)的关联研究

Study on Relation between I/D Polymorphism ofACE Gene and Maximal Aerobic Capacity ofElite Endurance Athletes of Han Nationality in Shanghai

采用PCR和breath by breath方法，对上海汉族55名优秀游泳运动员、60名优秀赛艇运动员和85名汉族普通人的ACE基因I／D多态性和VO2max进行检测。结果显示：1）上海汉族优秀游泳和赛艇运动员ACE基因的基因型和等位基因频率与上海和成都地区汉族普通人组无明显差异（P〉0．05）；与Caucasian人群相比，均存在非常显著性差异（P〈0．0001），表现出明显的民族和地区的差异性；游泳和赛艇项目健将和一级运动员间的基因型和等位基因频率分布，存在明显差异（P〈0．05）；游泳运动员水平越高，Ⅱ型所占比例就越高，赛艇运动员中水平越高，ID型的比例越大；2）不同基因型的游泳运动员的VO2max、VO2max／kg、VCO2max、VEmax、O2-plusemax、Wmax和Tmax等指标，均表现为Ⅱ型〉DD型〉ID型，Ⅱ型明显优于ID型（P〈0．05～0．01），而赛艇运动员则表现为ID型〉Ⅱ型〉DD型，ID明显优于DD型（P〈0．05～0．01）。结果提示，游泳项目中具有Ⅱ基因型或Ⅰ等位基因的运动员，赛艇项目中具有ID基因型或Ⅰ等位基因的运动员，可能属于运动训练敏感的高反应群体，经过多年系统科学的训练，具有成为优秀运动员的可能。ACE基因I／D多态性可作为运动训练和选材中高敏感的、非常重要的遗传标记之一。

This paper discusses the distributive characters of I/D polymorphism of ACE gene of different level of elite swimmers and rowers in Shanghai, analyzes the relation between I/D polymorphism of ACE and maximal aerobic capacity. By adopting the method of PCR and breath by breath ,the author examines I/D polymorphlsm of ACE, gene and maximal aerobic capacity of 55 elite swimmers, 60 rowers and 85 ordinary peoples from Shanghai. The result shows that there is no significant difference on genotype and allele frequency of ACE gene between elite swimmers and rowers with ordinary peoples from Shanghai and chengdu, but has significant difference with Caucasian. It shows evident in racial and local difference. There is obvious difference about the distribution of genotype and allele frequency of ACE gene between master and first rank swimmers rowers. The higher of swimmer＇s performance, the more of distributive ratio of genotype Ⅱ is high. The higher of tower＇s performance,the more distributive ratio of genotype ID. The indexes of VO2max ,VO2max/kg ,VCO2max ,VEmax ,O2-plusemax ,Wmax and Tmax etc. for swimmers ,genotype Ⅱ is superior to genotype DD,genotype DD,and genotype ID is superior to genotype Ⅱ. It concludes that swimmers of genotype Ⅱ or Ⅰ allele and rowers of genotype ID or allele Ⅰ may be sensitive to athletic training. Therefore, they have possible to become elite athletes after long time scientific system training. I/D polymorphism of ACE gene can be a highly sensitive and important genetic marker of athletic training and talent selection.