欧盟环境指令的合法性分析——以WEEE和ROHs为对象

The Legal Analysis of Environmental Directives of European Union——Taking WEEE and ROHs for example

欧盟环境两指令属于单边环境措施,虽然根据GATT第20条“一般例外”授权,欧盟享有采取“为保护人类、动植物的生命或健康所必需”的单边环境措施自主权力,但这种权力的行使应受到相应的约制。对于两指令的合法性,应当基于“合法目标”、“必需标准”、“成比例原则”进行分析,就目前状况看,欧盟对两指令所采取的环境措施并没有完成全面的风险分析,两指令的实施亦可能导致“手段”与“合法目标”之间的比例关系失衡。

The two environmental directives belong to the unilateral environment measure, although according to GATT the 20th entitlement＂the general exception＂. European Union is entitled to enjoy to take unilateral environmental measures ＂for the protection of humanity, the zoology and botany life＂, but this kind of authority exercises should receive correspondingly constraints. Considering two directives validity, the analysis must be carried on base of ＂the legitimate objective＂ ＂the necessity test＂ ,＂the proportionality test ＂. As to present condition , European Union has not certainly completed the comprehensive risk analysis of environment measure , the practice of two directives also possibly cause the proportion between＂method＂and＂the legal goal＂unbalanced.