对虾细胞培养及对虾病毒体外培养研究进展

A review of penaeid shrimp cell and virus culture in vitro

随着对虾病毒病研究的不断深入迫切需要建立连续性的对虾细胞系来揭示对虾病毒致病机理等关键问题。文章介绍了用于细胞培养的对虾种类、组织。用于细胞培养的对虾种类包括中国明对虾Fenneropenaeuschinensis、斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon、日本囊对虾Marsupenaeusjaponicus、凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei等。用于培养的对虾组织包括甲壳下表皮、心脏、肝胰腺、鳃、肠上皮、淋巴、血淋巴、卵巢、神经、肌肉、造血组织等。同时重点介绍了离散细胞的方法和培养的方式,温度、pH、渗透压的选择,目前对虾细胞培养所用的培养基及促生长添加物,以及如何控制污染。探讨了目前在对虾细胞培养及建系中存在的问题和可能的解决途径,为对虾与其它甲壳类动物细胞培养及细胞系的建立提供参考。此外还介绍了对虾病毒体外培养的研究现状并探讨了可能的解决方案。

With gradual advances in researches on viral diseases of shrimps, establishment of continuous shrimp cell lines has been urgently required to explore important issues such as viral pathogenesis. The article enumerates the sorts of shrimps and tissues that have been used in shrimp primary cell culture. These shrimps include Fenneropenaeus chinensis , Penaeus monodon , Marsupenaeus japonicus , Litopenaeus vannamei and so on, and the tissues include carapace epidermis, heart, hepatopanereas, gill, gut epithelium, lymphoid organ, haemolymph, ovary, nerve, muscle and hematopoietic organ. At the same time, the culture techniques are detailedly introduced, including dispersing of tissues, optimal choices of pH, temperature and osmolarity, cell growth nutrition, and contamination control. The problems existing in cell cul ture and their possible resolutions are also discussed for reference of cell culture and establishment of cell lines of shrimps and other crustaceans. Additionally, the development and problems of shrimp viral proliferation in vitro are introduced and the possible resolvents for these problems are discussed.