被动大陆边缘碳酸盐生长序列与盆山转换耦合

Succession of Carbonate Growth and its Coupling Relation with Transformation of Basin to Mountain System on the Passive Continental Margin

碳酸盐作为盆地堆积物整体的一部分，剖析达到碳酸盐清水环境的先决条件、保持条件和中止消亡条件就可判别盆地中碳酸盐沉积与其他堆积作用之间的关系，恢复盆地性质、演化历史和盆转山的过程。碳酸盐生长的４个边界条件：碳酸盐生长的基座、碳酸盐沉积前后的转换面、碳酸盐生长序列的内部结构和碳酸盐中止和消亡方式、不同板块部位的盆地和盆转山过程，这４个边界条件均不相同。在被动大陆边缘转为前陆盆地过程中，碳酸盐生长发育的４个边界条件也随之而变化。其过程为：早期裂谷充填；晚期裂谷、碎屑岩陆架形成；碳酸盐陆架；热沉降和镶边碳酸盐台地；大陆边缘挠曲和前陆碳酸盐缓坡；后造山前陆磨拉石充填。盆地构造性质转换和全球海平面的耦合关系在堆积物中表现有５种等时的层序不整合界面：升隆侵蚀不整合，海侵上超不整合、水下间断不整合，陆上暴露不整合和造山升隆不整合。５种不同成因性质的不整合界面在纵向发展上则代表盆地演化的全过程。

Environment in clean water is the most fundamental condition of carbonate growth and life. So the carbonate despition, which shows an instantaneousity and Periodicity as the sedimentary ban forms and dies out,is related to biogenetic agency and biochemical process and is sensitive to the evolution of the sedimentary ban,the transformation of tectonic setting and Paleogeography.The contact relation of various rocks should not be neglected in the study of plate tectonic and sedimentation of basin. The contact patterns between sedimentary rocks and volcanic rocks,as well as among various sedimentary rocks, reflect the transformation of sedimentation processes and conditions, whiCh is essentially the transformation of-the tectonic settings of the sedimentary basin. In order to reconstruct the evolution of sedimentary tectonic settings and the transformation Process of sedimentary basins to mountain systems, it is necessary to tube the carbonate rocks as a part of the whole accumulation in the basin, to investgate in derail the relationship between the Carbonate sedimentS and other accumulted rocks,and to study the premise conditions, preservation conditions and terminated conditions of the clean water environment for the carbonate sedimentation.The fundamental factors of carbonate growth and life mainly include four boundary conditions as follow:the foundational rest for carbonate growth; the transformation surfaces before and after carbonate depositetion; the internal structure in the carbonate succession; and .the termination pattern of the carbonate succession. The sedimentary basins and transformational processes from basin to mountain system in different pets of various plates all differ in thed four boundary conditions.The boundary conditions of carbonate growth and life changes along with the transformation of the PaSSive continental margin to the foreland basin. Generally, the development of a carbonate Platform and the transformation of a basin's tectonic setting may experience:the initial rift infilling prior to the formation of elastic shelf ; formation of elastic shelf in the late rifting stage;formation of carbonate ramp or carbonate shelf: thermal subsidence and formation of rimmed carbonate platform; foreland fie-curing of the passive margin and formation of foreland carbonate ramp; post-oro-genie foreland molasse in filling.The transformation of tectonic setting in sedimentary basin is concident with eustatic change and their coupling relationship is mancefeted by the isochronous sequence unconformities of five types as follows: uplifted erosion unconformity ;transgression onlap unconformity ; subaquatic hiatus unconformity; subaerial expeure unconformity: and orogenic uplift unconformity. The vertical evolution of these five types of sequence unconformity reflects the whole evolutionary process of the sedimentary basin. Thus,the author sfresses the need to reconsider the carbonate records in orogenic beltS in the lisht of the modern sedimentology and global tectonics and by taking the succession of carbonate growth on the passive continental margin as the typical instance, so as to get the evidence to distinguish the tectonic setting of the basin and the transformational process from basin to mountain system.