正负信息框架下人格特征对决策的影响作用

Effect of personality traits in positive and negative framings on decision making

目的:探讨正负信息呈现方式对中国军校大学生决策行为及人格特征的影响作用.方法:采用自编决策问题问卷和大五人格量表中国修订版,以整群抽样的方法,抽取某军校大学生220人为研究对象,随机分为两组,剔除无效问卷后,正面框架组(n=110),负面框架组(n=104),对两组间被试的方案选择进行χ2检验,方案选择与人格特征的关系进行t检验.结果:①接受正面框架实验情景的被试,保守和冒险方案选择人数比例相当,分别为45.45%和54.55%;负面框架组的被试,只有16.35%选择保守方案,差异有统计学意义.②正面框架下,外向性维度得分高的被试个体倾向于冒险,愉悦性维度得分高的被试个体倾向于保守;但在负面框架中,差异无统计学意义.结论:负面框架下被试个体更倾向于冒险;外向性和愉悦人格特征与决策行为有关.

AIM： To study the influence of framing effect on the risky decision-making and the effect of personality traits in positive and negative framing on decision making by cadets in Chinese military academies. METHODS： By cluster sampling, 214 cadets from a military academy were investigated with Modified Big Five Personality Scale and self-designed decision-making scale. The cadets were randomly divided into 2 groups. After noneffective questionnaires were eliminated, the first group （n = 110） were in a positive framing and the second group （n = 104） in a negative framing. A chi-square test was used to analyze the results of program chosen and t test was used to determine the relationship between personality dimension and risky choice. RESULTS： ① Of those in the positive framing, 45.45% chose the safe program and 54. 55% chose the risky program. Only 16.35% in the negative framing chose the safe program. A chisquare test revealed a significant difference. ② In positive framing, subjects with high scores of Extraversion were likely to take the risky option, while those with high scores of Agreeable were likely to take the safe option. In negative framing, results indicated that options appeared to be independent of the personality traits. CONCLUSION： People in negative framing are more apt to risky program. Personality traits of Extroversion and Agreeable are relatext to decision-making behavior and are predictors of risk-taking.