湖南省“七五”、“八五”、“九五”期间职业病报告及监测分析

Hunan Occupational Diseases Report and Monitoring Analysis From the Seventh Five-year Through the Ninth Five-year Program

目的了解“七五”、“八五”、“九五”期间湖南省职业病发病状况,为湖南省“十五”期间控制职业危害提供科学依据。方法追溯15年来上报的各类资料,进行整理分析,计算出监测率、合格率、体检率、检出率、患病率。结果“七五”、“八五”、“九五”期间,湖南省共发生职业病新病例22 196例,其中尘肺占60.25%、慢性职业中毒占16.02%、急性职业中毒占8.0%、物理因素等其他职业病占13.89%;至2000年统计年止,尘肺累计病例45 956例,现患尘肺35 610例,尘肺患病率6.21%。劳动卫生监测率明显下降,合格率呈上升趋势,但职业性体检率呈下降趋势,检出率略微下降。结论湖南省职业危害状况不容忽视,防治的重点是煤炭、冶金、化工、有色金属、建材、乡镇企业等工业部门。

Objective Occupational diseases data of Hunan Province from 1986 through 2000 were reviewed and ana lyzed to provide basis for a scientific decision making and predict the occupational risk of Hunan Province during the tenth.five -year program. Method The reported occupational disease data were collected and reviewed and the materials were analyzed retrospectively and the monitoring rate, standardized rate, physical examination rate, detected rate, and incidence of occupational diseases were calculated. Result From the seventh five - year through the ninth five - year plan, there were 22,196 new cases of occupational diseases discovered, including 60.25 % pneumoconiosis, 16.02% chronic oooupational poisoning, 8.0% acute occupational poisoning, and 13.89% due to other physical factors etc. Up to the 2000 fiscal year,there were 45,956 cases of pneumoconiosis in total, and 35,610 were present cases, the pneumoconiosis prevalence was 6.21%. The monitoring rate was decreased, standardized percentage was increased, but physical examination rate declined, and a slight descent in detection rate was observed. Conclusion The occupational diseases in Hunan Province decrease during the monitoring period, and acute occupational poisoning tends to be increased. The prevention and cure should still be put on coal, metallurgical, chemistry, non- ferrous metal, construction material industries, and industry run by townships.