大学生弱势群体特征的调查研究

On the characteristics of the vulnerable group of college students

对湖南省13所高校1467名大学生进行的调查发现,大学生弱势群体与非弱势群体在经济状况、适应状况、师生关系、家庭关系、学校关系、同伴关系、学习负担、学习状况、心理素质等方面都存在显著差异,自认弱势大学生群体之间有年级差异和生源差异;经济因素、学习因素和学校关系因素,是引起大学生自我认知为弱势的重要原因;存在家庭-经济弱势、人际-心理弱势、学校处境弱势和经济-学习弱势四种类型。因此,在寻求大学生弱势群体救助对策时,要充分考虑学生的需求差异,建立包括经济支持、心理与学习指导、人际关系调节、就业指导等多方面的综合救助体系,以切实保障大学生的可持续发展。

The survey of 1467 students from 13 colleges and universities through a self-organized questionnaire found that the obvious difference exist comprehensively in many aspects, including living condition, adapting condition, teacher-student relation, family relation, companion relation, study burden, study level, mental diathesis and college influence. Economy level, study level and college influence are the main reasons for college students to regard themselves as the vulnerable group. There are different in both of different grades and student from different places, The vulnerable group of college students can be divided into the following four types： family-living weak condition, communication-psychological weakness, college vulnerable condition and living condition-study weakness. Obvious difference between the vulnerable and non-vulnerable group tion, adapting condition, teacher-student relation, of college students exist on living condifamily relation.