私法效果的弹性化机制——以不合意、错误与合同解释为例

The Flexible Mechanism of Private Law Effect

刚性的“要件一效果”模式,易导致个案的非正义。私法效果的弹性化,可透过要件的动态化而实现。合意与否、错误与否的判断,需在信赖合理性与归责性比较权衡的基础上透过合同解释来完成。合同解释为要件的动态化提供了场域。合同解释中,通过信赖合理性和归责性要件动态化的比较权衡,可分别得出:不合意且无责任、不合意同时承担缔约过失责任、合意且有错误而可撤销、合意虽有错误但不可撤销等结论,从而实现法律效果的弹性化。

The rigid ＂requirements-effects＂ mode sometimes leads to injustice in given cases. The flexibility of legal effects in private law could be realized by the dynamic requirements. The judgment of whether there is a meeting of minds or whether there is a mistake shall be reached by interpretation of contract on the basis of comparing and weighing the reasonableness of reliance and zurechenbarkeito The interpretation of contract provides a space for the dynamic requirements. By the dynamic process of rea- sonableness of reliance and zurechenbarkeit in contract interpretation, comparing and weighing, various conclusions could be reached including non meeting of minds and no liability, non - meeting of minds and pre - contract liability, meeting of minds with mistakes and revocable, and meeting of minds without mistake and irrevocable. Such are the realization of the flexibility of legal effects.