论生态恢复与水土保持

Ecological restoration and soil and water conservation

生态恢复是研究生态整合性的恢复和管理过程的科学,现已成为世界各国的研究热点。目前,恢复已被用作一个概括性的术语,包括重建、改建、改造、再植等含义,一般泛指改良和重建退化的生态系统,使其重新有益于利用,并恢复其生物学潜力。生态恢复的原则包括自然法则、社会经济技术原则和美学原则。我国的水土保持小流域治理是通过工程的手段进行生态恢复的典范。水土保持小流域治理应以生态经济系统理论作指导,正确处理好人口再生产、自然再生产和经济再生产三者之间的关系,才能真正做到人与自然的和谐共处。水土保持小流域治理的方法是系统工程方法,包括综合调查与系统诊断、模型开发与治理规划、防治体系与模式设计、组织机构与运行机制等方面的内容。我国的水土保持工作亟需开拓创新,创新是水土保持工作的灵魂。只有认真纠正目前水土保持工作中存在的2种偏向,全面贯彻人与自然和谐共处的发展方针,把当地人民群众的社会需求与水土保持工作有机结合起来,才能实现“山川秀美”的宏伟目标。

Ecological restoration system, and it has become a hot as a term of generality including refers to improve and rebuild the is a kind of science which studies the restoration and management of the ecopoint all over the world now. Recently the word ＂restoration＂ has been used reconstruction, rebuilding, transformation, replanting and so on. Generally it degraded ecosystem so as to be of value to utilize again and renew its biological potentiality. The principle of the ecological restoration includes the law of nature, the technological princi- ple of social and economic and the aesthetic principle. Management of small watershed for soil and water conservation in our country is a model of ecological restoration by project. It should be implemented with the guidance of coo-economic system theory. And the relations between the reproduction of population, natural and economic should be correctly handeld to really reach the harmonious coexistence between human and nature. The method of management of small watershed for soil and water conservation is a method of systematic engineering, including comprehensive investigation and systemic diagnosis, model development and management planning , system of prevention and controlling and model designed, organization and operating mechanism, etc. The soil and water conservation of our country needs urgently pioneering and innovation because innovation is its soul. Only when the two kind of deflections in the work of soil and water conservation are corrected, developnmet policy is carried out that people coexist with nature harmoniously in an all-round way and social demands of the local people are combined with the work of soil and water conservation, will the grand goal of beautifying the landscape come true.