金代黑龙江流域的历史与文化

The Heilongjiang Valley's History and Culture in the Jin Dynasty

公元12世纪初,女真人在阿什河畔建立的金王朝,对于黑龙江流域古代文化的发展进程具有特殊的意义。首先,女真人以飓风之势入主中原,造成了时代的震荡和社会大变动的局面。女真人在入主中原以前,主要居住在荒凉冷僻的黑龙江流域。那时尚处于农奴制阶段,且带有大量的军事民主制与家长奴隶制的残余特征。在与契丹族、汉族进行大规模的民族战争中,女真族加速了封建化进程。其中的部落酋长、军功阶层或新生的农奴主,一跃而成为封建地主。新兴的女真族军事地主阶层,以“汉化”为主要目标,又籍借于“崇尚女真旧俗”的原则,将契丹文化和汉族文化作为一种新鲜活力注入到自己的整个民族肌体中,为本民族营造了一种奋发向上的气象。金代黑龙江流域的文化更新以及精神面貌的转换,深刻影响了当时北亚及东北亚地域的政治、军事和文化格局的演变。从而推动了黑龙江流域的文化进程,并出现了历史上的繁荣而壮阔的新局面。

At the beginning of the 12^th centuries, the Nuzhen＇ s established the Jin dynasty in the Ash river valley. It had special meaning to the development of the ancient civilization of Heilongjiang valley. Most importantly, the Nuzhen＇ s became the owner of the Central Plains, causing great shocks of that times and great change of the society. Before that, the Nuzhen＇ s mainly lived in the bleak and desolate Heilongjiang valley. At that time, Nuzhen was still at the slavery stage. The Nvzhen accelerated the feudal process, through the large-scale wars with Qidan and the Han nationality. The original caciques and slave owners became feudal landlords. The new developing Nvzhen military landlord class regarded＂Chinesing＂ as the main goal. The Nvzhen＇ s combination his own culture and the Qidan and Han culture, had great meaning. In the Jin Dynasty, the transition of culture and spirit, had profound influence on the North and Northeast Asia＇s politics, military and culture at that time. Therefore Heilongjiang Valley＇ s culture process was promoted and a new prosperous situation appeared in history.