农村劳动力转移“状态”的实例分析

Empirical Analysis on the Status of Rural Labor Transition

农村劳动力转移是一个“动态”表述,所涉及的范围应该是多方面的。本文仅从安徽省阜阳市转移的实例出发,对农村劳动力“剩余”、输出、就业、“回流”四种状态作一简短分析,从而得出结论。其一,农村贫困的根源在于不充分就业,而不充分就业在目前农村土地和其他资源有限的条件下,又以不充分转移为关键。其二,农村转移人员跨地区“流动”区域过于集中,劳务输入地边际产出明显,而输出地农业规模化生产却受到限制。其三,农村劳动力就业途径、环境与就业人员心态上存在严重“异化”现象,需从全民的道德素质和制度层面上予以改进。其四,近年内农村转移人员“回流”又以重返农业为主,在现有农村金融信贷体制下,农民创业更难。

Rural labor transition can be c process, which is concerned to many aspects Based on the empirical example of Fuyang, Anhui province, this paper describes the four status of rural labor transition： surplus, exporting, employment and recruit. The results can be concluded following. First, the root reason of rural poverty is employment insufficient, which insufficient transition becomes the key under the circumstance of the limitation from rural land and other resources. Second, the destination area of transited rural labor are too concentrated, which limits the large-scale agriculture product and the marginal output increases obviously in original place. Third, the phenomenon of serious ＂alienation＂, existing among the transition channel, environment and the psychological status of employee, need to be prevent and improved by the way of ethical quality and institutional aspect. Four, the agriculture still is the main occupation for the returnees of transited rural labor. It＇s still difficult for the farmer to do pioneering work under the circumstance of the present rural financial credit system.