摘要
联合国海洋法公约第43条规定了国际海峡的使用国和沿岸国的合作义务,但是未就合作的性质、方式、途径、使用国的概念等作出明确的规定。在马六甲海峡沿岸三国以及日本的积极推动下,马六甲海峡使用国合作义务问题最近因获得中国的积极回应取得较大的进展,但具体到合作的方式、途径、范围等问题时,相关国家各自又有不同的打算。9.11事件以后,海上安全问题成为马六甲海峡使用国合作义务问题中的新要素。中国作为海洋地理相对不利的国家应从能源安全的角度出发,重新定位我国在马六甲海峡的航行利益,积极参与新规则的制定,以促成对我有利的马六甲海峡合作机制的形成。
UNCLOS Art,43 proposes that the user states of the straits for international navigation should cooperate with the littoral states, but the convention neither stipulates the nature of the cooperation （obligatory or optional）, nor specifies that in what way and through what mechanism should the cooperation be carried out, and what the concept ＂user states＂ precisely means. Initiated by the three littoral states and pushed forward by Japan, the issue of user cooperation on the Straits of Malacca leaped forward recently, because China expressed its readiness to cooperate. However, relevant countries have not yet made an agreement on critical issues, for example the mechanism or regime of cooperation. On the other hand, after the attack, marine security emerged as a new as a comparatively geographically disadvantaged state and a user state of international straits, should reconsider its navigational interest and join in the rule-making process, in order to promote the formation of a favorable and legitimate regime of cooperation on the Straits of Malacca.
