印鼠客蚤缓慢细蚤感染鼠疫菌生存期限及集群传播的研究

A STUDY ON LIFE-SPAN AND COLONY TRANSMISSION OF PLAGUE FOR X. CHEOPIS L. SEGNIS WITH Y. PESTIS

本文报告了印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤感染鼠疫菌后,生存期限及集群传播鼠疫的能力。结果表明,印鼠客蚤在温度23±1℃,相对湿度80±5％下,生存时间长达177d,平均51.6d,120多天仍具有传播能力,132d还分离到鼠疫菌,终生感染率为90.9％;饥饿状态下,最长21d,平均9d;集群叮咬传播动物感染率达100％。缓慢细蚤在温度21±1℃,相对湿度75±5％下,生存时间最长80d,平均15.9d,带菌时间最长31d,终生感染率87.5％;饥饿状态下,存活时间最长7d,平均3d;集群叮咬传播动物感染率为零。鉴此印鼠客蚤是云南家鼠鼠疫源地的主要传疫者,而缓慢细蚤在家鼠中起不到主要传疫作用。

This paper reported the life-span and transmitting plague ability of Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptosylla segnis with Y. pestis. On the conditions of temperature 23±1℃ ,relative humidity 80 ±5%. The survival time of X. cheopis is 177 days,the average survival time is 51. 6 days. It has transmitted plague ability over 120 days,the strains of Y. pestis isolated from fleas of life 132 days. The infection rate fleas livelong is 90. 9%. In hungry state,the longest survival time is 21 days,average time is 9 days,the infection rate of animal by a colony bite for X. cheopis with Y. pestis is 100%. On the conditions of temperature 21±1℃ ,relative humidity 75±5%.The survival time of L.segins is 80 days,the average time is 15. 9 days,the longest time of carrying Y. pestis is 31 days. The infection rate of L. segnis livelong is 87. 5%. In hungry state,the longest time of live is 7 days,average time is 3 days,the infection rate of animal by a colony bite for L. segnis is zero. The results suggested that X. cheopis is the main vector of transmitting plague in Rats natural foci. L. segnis was not regarded a significant vector in the transmissing of plague.