也说方位词“上”的语义认知基础——兼与缑瑞隆先生商榷

The Cognitive Basis of "Shang" as a Noun of Locality

方位词“上”的语义可分为表示具体空间范围和不表示具体空间范围两大类。表示具体空间范围的“上”主要表示“点、线、面”等非三维空间范围,有时也表示非封闭性或封闭性的“体”空间范围。不表示具体空间范围的“上”主要有表示事物的范围、方面、虚指等三种用法(意义),它们是表示具体空间范围的引申用法。语义是客观现实和主观认识的结合,方位词“上”的语义构成有其合理的认知基础。

The meanings of ＂shang＂（上） as a noun of locality can be divided into two types. One indicates concrete spatial extent while the other is used in an abstract sense. The former mainly expresses localities in non-three-dimensional spaces such as a point, a line or a surface. However, it is not necessarily the case. The abstract meaning of ＂shang＂ can refer to the range and aspects of something, or it sometimes expresses uncertain references. We see it as an extension usage of the former ＂shang＂. Word meaning is constructed with both rational reality and subjective cognition. This article holds that the meanings of ＂shang＂ consist a semantic system based on cognitive reasonability.