2005年国内外能源政策综述

Review of Foreign and Domestic Energy Policies in 2005

2005年,高油价促使许多国家对能源政策进行调整,各国纷纷采取节能和扩大能源开发的新举措。主要石油生产国加强对石油业的控制,增加油气开采、生产及能源基础设施建设的投资;石油消费国采取各种节能措施,千方百计减少石油消费,同时,积极开发新能源和可再生能源;亚洲各国削减补贴,提高出口关税,降低进口关税以遏制能源需求;世界各主要国家的能源对话与合作显著加强。2005年,中国实施的能源政策措施可以概括为:加强能源战略规划,加强能源法律体系建设;对高耗能行业进行结构调整;促进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设;加快垄断行业改革,进一步引入市场机制;全面整顿和规范矿产资源开发秩序;改革能源价格体系;抑制资源性产品出口过快增长;提高资源税征收标准;加强能源外交,提高能源合作水平。预计2006年我国的能源政策措施将从以总量调控为主转向以结构调整为主。

The high oil price in 2005 prompted many countries to adjust their energypolicies, with a series of new moves introduced for energy economization andexpanded energy development. The major oil-producing countries stepped uptheir controlo verd omestico ili ndustry,a nd increased theiri nvestmenti n oil/gas explorationa nd production andc onstructiono fe nergyf acilities. Theo il-consuming countries introduced a package of energy-conservation moves tocut back their need for oil, and were active in tapping sources of new andrenewable energy.T heA sianc ountries curtailed theiro il-relateds ubsidies,raisedt he oile xportt ariff,w hile loweringt hei mportt ariff,t oc heck thee nergydemand. The year 2005 also witnessed more dialogue and much closercooperation on energy among the big countries. The energy policies andmeasures implemented by China in 2005 focus primarily upon pushing aheadwith the restructuring of energy-consuming industries; reforming the energyprice system, stepping up the legal system development; speeding up thereform of the monopoly sectors, with the market mechanism introduced there;housecleaning and shaping the mineral resource development; checking theexcessive growth in the export of energy products and raising the standard ofresource tax. The energy policies and measures in 2006 are expected to shiftaway from regulation and control of total volume, towards restructuring.