关于“要”类词的认知解释——论“要”由动词到连词的语法化途径

A cognitive research on the ‘yào’group words

现代汉语词汇系统里有一组以“要”字为构词核心的词。本文对动词“要”、助动词“要／不要”和连词“要是／只要”等进行认知角度的研究。动词性“要”类词虽在词类平面上分属不同词类，但其中有一务连续的语法化途径。本文认为形成这一语法化的动机主要有两条，一条是“主观性”，另一条是“非现实性”的语义共性。文章还对“要”字句的小句主语提升现象、“不要”的语义偏离现象、说话人指向的谓词性成分等问题进行研究。

This paper mainly discusses the grammaticalization of ‘yào’ (要,want) from a cognitive point of view. It separate subject-oriented ‘yào’ and speaker-oriented ‘yào’, and the speaker-oriented ‘yào’ changes from an auxiliary verb that means epistemic modality to a conjunction that means ‘if’. Furthermore, the paper discusses the subject raising phenomenon of the ‘yào’ sentence.