关于生态移民的定义、分类及若干问题

The Definition,Category and Some Other Issues about Ecological Migration

生态移民是因为生态环境恶化或为了改善和保护生态环境所发生的迁移活动,以及由此活动而产生的人口迁移。它可分为自发性生态移民与政府主导生态移民、自愿生态移民与非自愿生态移民、整体迁移生态移民与部分迁移生态移民,等等。确定迁出地与迁入地是移民工程成败的关键。我们的基本原则应该是既要考虑保护和恢复迁出地恶化的生态环境,也要考虑不会对迁入地造成新的生态环境问题。在对移民的经济补偿方面,在做到补偿充足的前提下,配以相应的政策措施。在实施生态移民工程时,一定要让移民自身参与政策和计划的制定,以避免外力强制作用下的文化改变。

Ecological migration is the moving activity owing to the deteriorate environment or the activity to improve and protect environment, including the people caused by these activities. Migration can be divided into spontaneous and guided by the government, free choice and non-free choice, the whole and part ecological migration. A definite emigrant and immigrant place is the key to whether the migration successful or not. Our principle should be that while considering the protecting and recovering the deteriorate environment of the emigrant place, we must guarantee not to bring new ecological problem into the immigrant place. As to the economical compensation to the migration people, we should guarantee a sufficient compensation with relative policies and regulations. While conducting ecological migration project, we should let the migration people themselves participate in the policy making so as to prevent the cultural change under coercion.