二氧化碳浓度升高对植物入侵的影响

Studies on effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 on plant invasion

从入侵植物和入侵植物群落两个方面,综述了大气二氧化碳浓度升高对植物入侵的影响。二氧化碳浓度升高,可以增加C3植物的入侵性,提高入侵植物的生物量、资源利用率以及繁殖能力,直接影响植物入侵;还可以通过改变土壤水分、氮循环、干扰体系等其它环境因子间接地影响植物入侵。此外,二氧化碳浓度升高,对入侵群落的初级生产量、组成与结构以及群落动态产生重要影响,改变群落的可入侵性。今后应当着重从群落水平,结合其它全球变化因子的共同作用研究二氧化碳浓度升高对植物入侵的影响,同时深入探讨其作用机制以及不同植物类群对二氧化碳的响应,为入侵种的预防和控制提供理论指导。

Biological invasions have become an important element of global change, and been affected by other global-change components such as increases in nitrogen deposition and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Recent researches indicate that the CO2 increase might favor invasive alien species and thus to exacerbate the impacts of invasions on ecosystems. This paper reviews the effects of elevated CO2 on plant invasion in two aspects, invasive plant and disturbed community. Elevated CO2 has direct effects on plant invasion by increasing the prevalence of C3 plants, enhancing biomass, resources use efficiency and fecundity ofinvasive plants; otherwise, rising CO2 has indirect effects on plant invasion by changing soil water, nitrogen cycle, fire regime and other environmental elements. As for invaded community, elevated CO2 might change the above-ground primary production, composition and structure, and community dynamics, and then influence the invasibility of community. Many invasive plants respond positively to elevated CO2 when grown individually or in monoculture, but the responses become weaker when they are grown in diverse community. The plant responses to elevated CO2 are confined with interspecific competition and resource availability. With the ongoing increase in atmospheric CO2, it is necessary to study comprehensively and continuously effects of elevated CO2 on plant invasion in the future. The key research fields are as follows： （1） integrated effects of increasing CO2 and other aspects of global change on plant invasion in natural community; （2） changes of chemical composition of invasive plants with devated CO2; （3） responses of different groups of plant species to elevated CO2 and implications for prediction and control of invasive plants.