区域生态安全:概念及评价理论基础

Regional ecological security: The concept and assessment theoretical basis

借鉴国内外的研究成果,提出区域生态安全的概念是指在一定时空范围内,在自然及人类活动的干扰下,区域内生态环境条件以及所面临的生态环境问题不对人类生存和持续发展构成威胁,并且自然-经济-社会复合生态系统的脆弱性能够不断得到改善的状态。指出生态安全评价是一个多学科交叉的研究领域,其评价理论基础涉及可持续发展理论、生态系统服务功能理论、生态承载力理论、时空论和系统工程论等;生态安全是可持续发展的基础,两者具有内涵和目标的一致性;区域生态安全研究的目的就是平衡人类的自然资源利用与生存环境质量需求的矛盾,保证生态系统在持续安全的状态下提供服务;应用生态承载力的研究成果有助于补充和完善生态安全评价。区域生态安全评价强调研究对象的时空性和研究方法的系统性。多学科整合能更好地指导区域生态安全评价。

Based on the former research, a concept of regional ecological security was put forward. Regional ecological security refers to the ecological condition and the main ecological issues of a region do not threaten its survival and development from the harm of interference factors with a given temporal-spatial condition, at the same time the natural-economie-social compound ecosystem vulnerability could improve continuously. Then, this paper discussed the theoretical basis of regional ecological security assessment, such as sustainable development theory, ecosystem services theory, ecological capacity theory, temporal-spatial theory and systematic engineering theory. Regional ecological security is not only the foundation stone of sustainable development, but also one of the goals of sustainable development, and the connotation and aims of ecological security are consistent to that of sustainable development; the objective of regional ecological security research is to balance the relationship between utilization of natural resource and demand of environment quality, and to keep the ecosystem health to supply sustainable services; application of the concept of ecological carrying capacity and its computing method could complement the assessment of ecological security; regional ecological security focused on temporal-spatial changes; systematic theory consider that a system is always more than sum of its elements due to some relations, and it include some new emergent properties that each elements do not have. Interdisciplinary sciences could be a better guidance for regional ecological security assessment.