生态安全条件下亚洲沙区土地利用结构研究

Research on the Land Use Structure of Asian Desert Regions at Ecological Security Level

基于数字地图与遥感影像资料,通过分析土地利用格局与沙尘传输关系,研究了生态安全条件下土地利用结构优化的模式、方法与技术。研究表明:①亚洲生态安全条件下的土地利用/覆盖宏观三圈格局为:内圈以自然保护为主的沙漠地带;中圈以建设人工草地为主,辅以大面积自然恢复的草原地带;外圈以农、林、牧复合为主的交错地带。中国处在宏观三圈格局的中东部,北方沙区是影响东亚沙尘暴的重要源区。②中国半干旱沙区土地利用呈现微观三圈模式,基于RS数据,依据“大面积搞生态,小面积搞生产”的原则进行的土地利用结构优化,提出了外圈沙丘地恢复天然草地生态用地———中圈草原地带大面积搞生态—小面积搞牧业生产———内圈甸子地高效农业生产用地的生态—生产范式。③典型区科尔沁沙地土地利用结构优化的成套技术,可为类似地区政府土地利用决策与生态补偿机制提供支持。

Based on the digital maps and remote sensing images, through analyzing the relationship between land use and sand dust transmission, this paper mainly talks about the mode, method and techniques of the land use structure optimization at the ecological security level. The research shows that ： ①The land use/cover of Asia at the ecological security level takes on a macroscopical three-circle pattern. The inner zone is desert with natural conservation. The middle zone is artificial grassland with natural grassland restore. The outer zone is the compound of farmland, forest, and pastoral grassland. China lies in the east of the three-circle pattern. The northern sandy area is the main source of dust storm in East Asia. ②The sandy area in the semiarid area of China presents microscopical three-circle pattern. Based on RS data, the land use structure was optimized according to ＂large area ecological construction but small area production developing＂. The proposed eco-productive paradigm is that the outer ecological zone of sand dunes is for natural restore of natural grassland, the middle zone of grassland is mainly for natural conservation, and the inner zone is for high efficient agricultural production.③The whole set of technique of land use optimization of Horqin Sandy Land of China can be provided for the local government in similar areas for land use decision-making and ecological compensation.