西藏日喀则地区生态安全评价与生态环境建设

Ecological Security Assessment and Eco-environment Construction of Xigazê Prefecture on Tibetan Plateau

用生态安全的PSR(压力-状态-响应)概念模型和层次分析法建立西藏日喀则地区生态安全评价体系,综合评价全区生态安全现状。结果表明,日喀则地区生态环境系统安全状况目前已退化到中警状态,生态环境问题已成为制约当地经济发展和社会进步的主要因素。同时,分别计算出全区18县市各自的生态安全指数值,结果显示,除吉隆县属预警状态,其余17县市都为中警状态,且区域相对差异极为明显,东部生态安全问题更为突出。文章根据日喀则地区不同生态环境要素的区域差异以及生态安全建设的需要,提出五大生态环境建设区以满足日喀则地区改善生态安全现状的需要。同时详述了各生态环境建设区的生态环境特征、存在问题和治理方向。

The ecological security assessment system of Xigazg Prefecture in Tibetan Autonomous Region is established with PSR （Pressure-State-Response） model and AHP （analytic hierarchy process）. Ecological security status in Xigazg Prefecture is also comprehensively evaluated in this paper. Study results show the ecological en- vironment in Xigazg Prefecture has deteriorated to the middle-alarm status at present. Deterioration of ecological environment has become the major barrier to local economic development and social advancement. In the meantime, the ecological security indices of 18 counties have been calculated one by one, the indices of all of the counties are in the middle-alarm status, except Gyirong County, and there exists remarkable regional differentiation, the problem of ecological security in east is more predominant. Furthermore, proposals for improving the ecological environment are put forward according to the regional differentiation of ecological factors and the requirement of ecological security construction. It is suggested to build five regions for ecological environment construction. At the same time, the ecological characteristics, problems and the countermeasures of each region are expatiated.