中国8个地方驴种遗传多样性和系统发生关系的微卫星分析

Microsatellite Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Eight Donkey Breeds in China

【目的】为分析我国驴品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系。【方法】利用24对微卫星标记,采用PCR扩增,用非变性聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳、银染法显色,对中国8个大、中型驴品种遗传多样性进行了检测,统计了各群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E),利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(h)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离(DA)。利用DISPAN软件,采用邻接法构建系统发生树,并进行了系统发生分析。【结果】结果表明,24对微卫星座位在8个驴品种中的多态信息含量除NVHEQ18为中度多态外,其余23对微卫星均为高度多态;8个驴种的平均PIC(0.6940)、h(0.7119)和E(3.94),基因多态性和遗传多样性相对较高;大型品种关中驴、晋南驴、广灵驴、德州驴和中型品种庆阳驴聚为一类,中型品种泌阳驴、淮阳驴和佳米驴聚为另一类,各驴种的分子系统发生关系与其育成史和地理分布基本一致。【结论】24对微卫星座位可作为有效的遗传标记用于各个驴品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。

[Objective] To reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of china donkey breeds, [Method] the genetic polymorphisms of 24 microsatellites in 8 china large and middle-sized donkeys were studied by means of PCR polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Number of alleles, average effective number of alleles （E） and average rates of homozygote of each breeds were counted. According to allele frequencies of 24 microsatellites, polymorphism information content（PIC）,mean heterozygosity （h） and genetic distances （DA） were calculated for each breeds, By using the Neighbour-joinig method of Dispan software, the polymorphic trees were constructed based on genetic distances. The systematic relation was analyzed as well. [Result] The results showed that NVHEQ18 is medium polymorphic and the other 23 of 24 microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic, The average PIC （0.6940）, h （0.7119） and E （2.9） of the eight donkey breed population were all higher ,which showed the gene polymorphisms and genetic diversity were higher. Guanzhong donkey, Jinnan donkey, Guangling donkey and Dezhou donkey of large breeds and Qingyang donkey of middle-sized clustered in one group and Biyang donkey, Huaiyang donkey and Jiami donkey of middle-sized clustered in another groups. The phylogenetic relationship between different breeds were in accordance with their breeding history and distribution. [ Conclusion ] The 24 microsatellite loci were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among donkey breeds.