地震储集层预测技术在不同勘探开发阶段的应用

Application of seismic reservoir prediction techniques in different exploration and development stages

地震储集层预测的基本内容可以归结为岩相预测、岩性预测、物性预测及含油气性预测。油气勘探开发全过程分为预探、评价、产能建设与油气生产阶段,由于地质背景、勘探程度、资料基础以及需求的不同,不同阶段采用的地震储集层预测技术差异较大。在预探阶段,地震储集层预测的作用是查明地层纵向总体情况和沉积体系平面分布的关系,结合钻井资料建立已发现油气藏的宏观概念;在评价阶段,地震储集层预测的作用是预测岩相、岩性、储集层物性、含油气性,为形成开发设计方案提供依据;在产能建设与油气生产阶段,要通过地震储集层预测精细刻画储集层并描述其性质,以预测剩余油分布范围,为开发调整提供依据。对各阶段应用的地震储集层预测技术及其难点进行了简要综述。

The basic content of seismic reservoir prediction covers a large prediction range from petrofacies, lithology, petrophysics, to oil and gas distribution. The whole process of petroleum exploration and development includes preliminary exploration, evaluation, productivity establishment and production. Due to different geological background, exploration level, basic information, and demands, there are relatively large differences in application of seismic reservoir prediction techniques. In the preliminary exploration stage, the function of seismic reservoir prediction is to investigate the vertical structure of strata and the sedimentary system, and to set up the macro concept of proven reservoirs on the base of well data. In the evaluation stage, the seismic reservoir prediction technique is applied to predict petrofacies, lithology, petrophysics of the reservoir, and hydrocarbon-bearing characteristics, and to supply bases for designing the development program. In the productivity establishment and oil/gas production stage, seismic reservoir prediction is utilized to depict the reservoir, to predict the residual oil distribution and to provide foundation for development plan adjustment. Seismic reservoir prediction techniques and the difficulties in application on various stages are analyzed comprehensively.