1Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. Acta Orthop Scand, 2001,72:365-371.
2Neer CS 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures. Ⅰ. Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1970, 52:1077-1089.
3Muller ME, Nazarian S, Koch P, et al. The comprehensive classi.cation of fractures of long bones. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990.
4Banco SP, Andrisani D, Ramsey M, et al. The parachute technique: valgus impaction osteotomy for two-part fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2001,83( Suppl 2):38-42.
5Wijgnmn A J, Roolker W, Part TW, et al. Open reduction and internal fixation of three and four part fractures of the proximal part of the humerus. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2002, 84:1919-1925.
7Bjorkenheim JM, Pajarinen J, Savolainen V. Internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures with a locking compression plate: a retrospective evaluation of 72 patients followed for a minimum of 1 year. Acta Orthop Scand, 2004, 75:741-745.
6Wijgman Aj, Roolker W, Patt TW, et al.Open reduction and internal fixation of three and four - part fractures of the proximal part of the humerus. J Bone Joint Stag (Am),2002, 84 - A : 1919 - 1925.
7Hessmann M, Baumgaertel F, Gelding H, et al. Plate fixation of proximal humeral with indirect reduction : surgical technique and resuits utilizing three shoulder scores. Injury,1999, 30:453 - 462.
8Williams GR Jr, Wong KL. Two - part and three - part fractures : open reduction and internal fixation versus closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Orthop Clin North Am, 2000, 31:1 -21.
9Liew AS, Johnson JA, Patterson SD, et al.Effect of screw placement on fLxation in the humeral head. J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2000, 9:423 - 426.
10Neer CS 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg ( Am), 1970, 52:1077 -1089.