不同来源可吸入颗粒物对大鼠呼吸道的致炎作用

Respiratory Tracts Inflammation Induced by Inhalable Particles From Different Sources

目的观察比较不同环境下的可吸入颗粒物对大鼠呼吸道的影响,探讨可吸入颗粒物对呼吸道的致炎机制。方法用采样器分别采集厨房油烟、吸烟室烟雾、路边扬尘、小湖边空气(对照组)制备颗粒物悬液。选择48只雌性Wistar大鼠,分4组,分别用0.15ml/100g的PM10悬液缓慢气管注入,每3d1次,持续3周后,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中白细胞总数及分类数,肺组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、细胞因子诱导的中性粒细胞趋化因子(CINC)含量。同时观察肺组织病理切片。结果油烟组、香烟组、扬尘组大鼠肺灌洗液中的白细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,扬尘组嗜酸性粒细胞数亦增多(P<0.05)。烹调油烟组、香烟组和扬尘组的大鼠肺匀浆中MDA、CINC含量增高(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px活力降低(P<0.05)。油烟组、香烟组、扬尘组大鼠支气管-肺组织切片显示,伴随颗粒物沉积的炎症反应,除部分扬尘组大鼠黏膜下伴随嗜酸性粒细胞浸润外,未表现出特异性。结论扬尘、烹调油烟、香烟中的可吸入颗粒物对呼吸道均有明确的致炎作用,通常表现为非特异性炎症,此外扬尘还显示出部分过敏特征。

Objective To study the mechanism of respiratory tracts inflammation induced by the particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10μm （PM10） and to observe the effect of high exposed group. Methods Particles were collected at kitchen, smoking-room, roadside and lake-side （the control group）. Suspension of PM10 and rat models treated with PM10, kitchen oil smoke, cigarette smoke, road dust were established with a control group. On 22th day, the counts of total leukocyte and neutrophils in hronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathion peroxidase （GSH-Px）, malondiadehyde （MDA）, Cytokin-induced neutrophil chemotactics （CINC） in lung homogenate were measured and histopathological examinations were conducted on lung tissues. Results The counts of total leukocyte, macrophage and neutrophils in PM10-treat groups and the count of eosinophilia in road dust group increased significantly than those in control group （P〈0.05）. MDA and CINC in kitchen oil smoke group, cigarette smoke group and road dust group increased （P〈0.05）, SOD and GSH-Px in those groups decreased significantly compared with community group （P〈0.05）. The pathological changes of PM10 treated groups indicated that PM10 could cause respiratory tracts injury. Condusion The mechanism of the respiratory tracts inflammation induced by PM10 is complicated, inilammation factors released and inflammation cells gathering induced by inhalable particles may play an important role.