语言主观化、句法表现和话语交际功能

Subjectification, Syntax and Communication

本文从句法、语义和语用三方面入手,对汉语“保证”一词,做出综合分析。本文指出“保证”有客观描述意义和主观认识意义之别,并在句法中呈现不同的结构特征。在语言使用中,客观义的用法和主观义的用法具有相同的论证力,但是主观义用法缺乏客观义用法对事件描述的功能,因此,主观义和客观义用法在概念上是不对称的。

This papermakes an analysis on the subjectivification of the word ＂baozheng＂ in Mandarin, from three perspectives： syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. It is analyzed in the paper that there are two different meanings of the word ＂baozheng＂ ： objective and subjective, and the differences manifest themselves in syntax. In communication, the subjective meaning shows the same argumentational force as the objective meaning, but lacks the descriptive function of the latter. It is also pointed out that the subjective sense of the word is conceptually asymmetrical with its objective counterpart. The paper aims at a cross-linguistics study on subjecti- fication in one framework of language theory.