农地习俗元制度的共同性、多样性与差异性

Commonality,diversity and difference of farmland custom proto-institution

习俗作为内生性元制度,具有极为丰富的内涵与外延,对于某种具体的习俗元制度来讲,具有共同性、多样性与差异性特征。对于农地习俗元制度来讲,同样具有共同性、多样性与差异性特征。本文从财产继承制度、农地利用习俗、农地市场流转等方面对农地习俗元制度的共同性、多样性和差异性进行了探讨。农地习俗元制度之所以具有共同性、多样性与差异性的原因可以从以下几个方面得到说明:宗祧继嗣观念的共同性、多样性与差异性;财产祖有产观念的共同性、多样性与差异性;土地生态条件的共同性、多样性与差异性;习俗元制度变迁的路径依赖性等。

As the endogenetic proto-institution, custom has the extremely rich connotation and extension. The specific custom proto-institution has the characteristics of commonality, diversity and difference. As for farmland custom proto-institution, it also has the characteristics of commonality, diversity and difference. This article analyzes the commonality, diversity and difference of farmland custom proto-institution from three aspects ： inheritance of property institutions, farmland utility customs and farmland market circulation. Tile reasons for commonality, diversity and difference of farmland custom proto-institution could be explained from these aspects ： the commonality, diversity and difference of the ideas of heritage and succession , the ancestors＇ ownership of property and the land ecological condition as well as the path-changing dependence of the custom proto-institution.