云南干热河谷不同坡面整地方式对土壤水分环境的影响

Effect of Measure of Engineering Preparation to Soil Water in Yunnan Dry-Hot River Valley

云南干热河谷高温少雨,水土流失严重,土壤水分严重亏缺,人工植被“土壤干化”现象严重。通过在坡面采用不同的整地方式,对微地形进行塑造,强化降雨入渗,结果表明,不论是雨季还是旱季,水平台和水平沟整地后,水平台、台间坡面、水平沟、沟间坡面的土壤水分环境均比同一等高水平上自然坡面好,旱季水平台和水平沟与自然坡面的差距从分水岭到坡脚逐渐减小,雨季差距最大值出现在坡的中部,水平台整地后,西坡的含水率比北坡和南坡高,在一定的坡度范围内,坡度越缓,水平台整地改善土壤水分的效果越明显,偏粘性土壤水平台整地后,改善土壤水分环境的效果要比偏沙性的土壤好,水平台和水平沟整地后,增加了水分在土壤中蓄存的时间,对植物的吸收利用非常有利。

With little rain, high temperature and serious soil erosion, the dry and hot river valley has very low soil water, the serious soil drification, found in other regains, which is being confronted in the course of construction of artificial vegetation in dry and hot river valley. Through using different measure of engineering preparation on slope, micro-slope was reconstructed, rainfall infiltration was strengthened, the results showed ; after reconstructing micro-slope with contour trench and contour terrace, the soil humidity environment of contour trench, contour terrace and their close slope obviously improved ; the difference of soil water of contour trench, contour terrace and natural slope slowly decreases from summit to fOOt of hill in dry reason, and the biggest difference was found, in the middle slope in raining reason; the soil water of contour terrace in western slope was much greater than that of northern and southern slope; within certain slope scope, contour terrace of smaller slope has greater soil water; contour terrace with much sand soil has greater soil water; after reconstructing micro-slope with contour trench and contour terrace, the accumulation time of soil water increases, which will benefit to the using of vegetation.