松嫩平原水土保持价值的量化研究

Quantitative Study of Water and Soil Conservation Value on Songnen Plain

近几十年来,松嫩平原的生态环境严重恶化,荒漠化迅速发展,这与区域水土保持功能持续下降有关。本文应用生态学、经济学和生态环境科学等学科的有关理论,以TM/M OD IS/DEM数据为基础,应用3S技术建立了松嫩平原水土保持价值的复合计算模型。计算表明,全区2001年水土保持总价值为662.63亿元,就单位面积的水土保持价值而言,林地最高,为173.59万元/km2,草地次之,为70.42万元/km2,耕地很低,为24.53万元/km2,难利用地仅为2.89万元/km2。水土保持价值分布的总趋势从东北向西南递减,从193.86万元/km2降至18.87万元/km2。研究指出,进行林地、草地建设是提高区域水土保持功能的关键,中、西部尤应加强水土保持工作。本文不仅解决了水土保持价值的量化问题,而且为绿色GDP的核算提供了基础数据。

In recent decades, the ecological environment of Songnen Plain had deteriorated severely and the desertification in Songnen Plain expanded rapidly. The status of Songnen Plain was relational to the durative descending of territorial function of water and soil conservation. Applying the theories of bionomics, economics, environmental science and the technology of 3S, a quantitative multiple model for water and soil conservation value in Songnen Plain was brought forward based on statistic data, DEM and TM/MODIS data in this paper. The calculation indicated that the water and soil conservation value was 6. 626 3 × 10^10 Yuan in 2001 in Songnen Plain. As to the water and soil conservation value on unit area, forest was the highest, which was 1. 735 9× 10^6 Yuan per km^2, the grassland took the second place, which was 7.04 × 10^5 Yuan per km^2 , and the cropland was very low, which was only 2. 453× 10^5 Yuan per km^2. The land that was difficult to use had a value of 2.89× 10^4 Yuan per km^2. The water and soil conservation value appeared to the degressive tendency from northeast to southwest in special distributing. The water and soil conservation value was descending from 1. 938 6 × 10^6 Yuan to 1. 887 × 10^5 Yuan per km^2. The results indicated that the key to heighten the function of territorial water and soil conservation was enhancing the ecoonstruction and protection for forest and soil conservation work especially in mid and western area problem of quantitative value for water and soil conservation, and grassland, and it should strengthen the water of Songnen Plain. The paper not only resolved the but also provided basic data for green GDP accounting.