土壤剥蚀率与水流功率关系室内模拟实验

Indoor simulation experiment of the relationship between soil detachment rate and stream power

为了验证土壤剥蚀率模拟公式．系统地研究土壤剥蚀率与坡度和流量、水流功率之间的关系，该文在较大坡度范围（3°～30°）和流量（2．5～6．5L／min）进行了径流冲刷实验，实验结果表明：土壤剥蚀率是坡度和流量的幂函数，随着坡度和流量的增大而增大；坡度和流量与土壤剥蚀率之间呈显著相关关系，流量对土壤剥蚀率的影响明显大于坡度；土壤剥蚀率随着水流功率的增加呈线性增加（R^2=0.945,9°≤S≤24°），当水流功率大于土壤剥蚀临界水流功率0．344N／（m·s）时，土壤发生剥蚀；利用水流功率可以更准确地预测土壤剥蚀率。

In order to vahdate the simulation formula for soil detachment rate and study systemically the relationship among soil detachment rate, discharge and slope, stream power, runoff scouring experiments were conducted at a large scale of slope gradient（3°～ 30°） and flow discharge （2.5～6.5 L/min）. The results show that soil detachment rate is exponential function of slope gradient and flow discharge, and soil detachment rate increases with the increase of slope gradient and discharge. There is a remarkable correlativity among soil detachment rate, discharge and slope, the impact of discharge on soil detachment rate is bigger than that of slope gradient. Soil detachment rate increases in a linear function with the stream power increasing （R^2= 0. 945, 9°≤ S ≤24°）. Soil detachment occurs when stream power is more than 0. 344 N/（m · s）. Soil detachment rate can be predicted exactly by stream power.