当代世界民族主义论纲

An Outline of the Contempory Nationalism in the World

冷战后的世界民族主义具有许多新的表现形式和基本特征。它肇始于历史遗留民族问题的反弹、全球化的激荡、国内民族政策的失误、外部敌对势力的干涉、苏联解体的冲击和对于民族自决权理论的曲解等诸多因素,并对当代国际政治产生了一系列重大影响,包括促进国际政治格局的调整、挑战现存国际关系准则和国际法原则、破坏世界和平与发展,当然也在一定程度上推动了世界民主化进程。与此同时,世界民族主义对中国的影响也不容忽视,它使国内民族分裂势力呈现活跃态势、国家经济安全受到威胁、民族文化价值观受到冲击、国家主权和内政受到干涉。我们对此采取的因应之策是:坚持和发展马克思主义民族理论、借鉴国外解决民族问题的有益经验、维护国家稳定和统一,稳妥构建“中华民族的民族主义”,即理性的和正当的民族主义即爱国主义,而不是极端的和狭隘的民族主义。当前,世界民族主义出现了新动态:不同类型的民族主义呈现出分化走势,即极端民族主义受到一定程度的遏制,而求生存图发展的经济民族主义和文化民族主义出现了强化的态势;各民族国家以和平方式解决民族问题成为大势所趋;霸权主义和强权政治虽然有发展的苗头,但国际社会的反霸斗争也在加强;极端民族主义诉诸恐怖主义手段的抗争方式短期内不会杜绝。

The World Nationalism since the end of the Cold War has showed many new forms and traits. It has reulted from rebounding of national historical problems, stimulation of globaiization, mistakes of domestic national policies of some multi - national countries, interference of foreign hostile forces, impact of Soviet Union＇ s disintegration, and misunderstanding of National Self- Determination Rights. And it has given birth to a series of major influences to world politics, including actuating changes of international political patterns, challenging present norms of international relations and principles of international laws, destroying world peace and development, and has driven, without doubt, the world democratization process to a higher degree. In the meantime, it can never be overlooked that the current World Nationalism has much affected China, say, it has waken up domestic national separatism, threatened national economic safety, shocked national cultural values and made it possible for others to interfere in both our state sovereignty and internal politics. Facing the difficult situations, we should still stick to and develop Marxist national theory, borrow beneficial experiences of solving national problems from other countries, safeguard our state stability and unity, and build, gradually and steadily, a Nationalism of Chinese Nation, not a radical or parochial nationalism but a rational and legitimate one that can be called patriotism. At present, we notice the new dynamics of the current World Nationalism, which proclaims both the alignment of the above - mentioned nationalism and that nationalism of different frrms will go on in different directions. Solution of national problems in peaceful ways will be a general trend in many nations. Hegemony and power politics have become more obvious, but forces of anti - hegemony in the world also strengthen. Nevertheless, radical nationalist terrorism will last for not a short time.