论分家习惯与家的整体性——对滋贺秀三《中国家族法原理》的批评

On Custom of Breaking up Family and Family Integrity——Remarks on Principle of China’ s Family Rules

滋贺秀三的《中国家族法原理》,在关于中国古代分家、遗嘱、赠与等财产习惯方面存在着不少误解,这导致他形成了中国家父享有家产所有权的观点。今天,当更多的文书资料特别是徽州文书得以整理面世后,对滋贺秀三著作中存在的问题,似乎有可能提出质疑和讨论了。实际上,中国家长从属于作为整体性的“家”。因为在近代法制转型之前,家产尚未完全分离为个人财产,家长可以管理和增益家产,却不能随意处分。因此,以分家习惯为主线索,围绕滋贺秀三的著作,结合其它财产习惯,对近代中国法制转型之前的家产制进行一个尝试性的探讨颇有必要。

In the Principle of China＇s Family Rules, there are some misunderstandings about some ancient China＇s customs concerning breaking up family, wills, dotation, etc. which made him have the idea of the paterfamilias in ancient China having the title to family property. Today, more materials, especially the Huizhou documents, seem to enable the challenge China the paterfamilias are subject to the ＂ family＂ and discussion on the problems in the work. In fact, in as an integrity. Because before the transformation of the modern legal system, family property was not regarded as individual＇s property, and the paterfamilias could manage and increase the property, but not dispose them at will. Therefore, it＇s necessary to make a preliminary discussion on the system of family property in the period of transformation of China＇s legal system.