青海农村预防碘缺乏病健康教育模式研究

A new model of fraincng salt sellers in iodine deficiency disorder prevention in remole and poor rural areas in Qinghai Province

目的探讨通过碘盐销售点开展预防碘缺乏病健康教育新模式的效果。方法采用多阶段抽样法,每县随机抽取1个干预村和1个对照村组成干预组和对照组。对干预组碘盐销售点的工作人员进行培训,通过他们向社区居民进行宣传教育活动,干预期6个月。开展基线和干预后社区居民碘缺乏病知识、态度、行为(KAP)问卷调查,评价干预效果。结果干预后干预组听说过碘缺乏病的比例提高了35.2%(P<0.01),知道缺碘会造成智力损害的比例提高了33.3%(P<0.01),认为碘缺乏病可以预防的比例提高了35.0%(P<0.01),知道经常吃碘盐是预防碘缺乏病的最好方法的比例提高了38.0%(P<0.01);行为方面,主动购买碘盐的比例提高了5.9%(P<0.05),正确使用碘盐的比例提高了16.0%(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析进一步表明,是否接受干预是影响KAP水平的主要因素:干预后知识得分和行为得分的OR值分别为11.51(P<0.01)和1.87(P<0.01)。结论该模式可显著提高居民碘缺乏病KAP水平,适合在我国西部农村地区开展。

Objective To explore the effeit of a new health education model of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD） prevention in remote and poor rural areas through the study of health education program in .salt distribution sites. Methods The program was designed by multistage sampling. Two natural villages were selected by random sampling as control and intervention group respectively. Provide trainings on IDD prevention to salt sellers in the intervention group and ask them to implement the health education intervention for six months. Effect of the program was evaluated by comparison of the KAP levels before and after the intervention. Results The proportion of respondents who had heard of IDD increased by 35.2% （P〈0.01） after the intervention; the proportion of respondents who believed that iodine deficiency could cause damage to the brain of children increased by 33.3 % （P 〈 0.01 ）; proportion of those who convinced that IDD could be prevented increased by 35.0% （P〈0.01） ; proportion of those believed that the consumption of iodized salt was the be.st way to prevent IDD increased by 38.0% （P 〈 0.01 ）. As far as IDD related behavior was concerned, the proportions of purchasing and correctly using iodized salt increased by 5.9% （P〈0.05） and 16.0% （P〈0.01） respectively. Results of the Logistic regression analysis also showed that the intervention method was a main influencing factor of the effect. The OR value of the intervention to the knowledge score and the practice score were 11.51 （P〈0.01） and 1.87 （P〈 0.01） respectively. Conclusion The new model can significantly improve the IDD KAP level of the residents and can be extended in rural areas in the west regions.