人脑语言区定位研究的进展

Progress in the location of language area in human brain

目的:通过对人脑语言区定位研究的进展的概述,旨在进一步了解人类语言产生的解剖和生理学基础,以期为失语症的治疗和康复提供理论依据。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1996-01/2005-06的关于人脑语言区定位研究的进展的相关文章,检索词“languagearea,positronemis-siontomography,fMRIorco-registration”,并限定文章的语言种类为Eng-lish;同时手工检索近期的有关书籍。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取了含有主题词languagearea(语言区)、positronemissiontomography(正电子发射断层扫描)、fMRI(功能磁共振成像)和co-registration(图像融合技术)的文献,筛出内容重复的文献,对剩余的文献开始查找全文。资料提炼:共收集到关于人脑语言区定位的文献29篇及书籍1部。资料综合:异戊巴比妥实验曾被视为确定语言优势半球的金标准,测定过程为有创操作,有并发症的可能,同时获得信息少;功能磁共振成像检测的是大脑皮质组织随血氧反应而短暂变化的磁特性,为非侵入性,空间定位效果好,可快速、准确地获得结果。通过功能磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描,可对听感觉性语言中枢、阅读中枢、运动性语言中枢、书写中枢进行准确定位。通过图像融合可以将脑语言区解剖形态图像与功能代谢图像融合而进行定位。结论:绝大多数人存在语言优势半球,作为金标准的异戊巴比妥实验有可能被功能磁共振成像取代。颞叶、顶叶、额叶是语言功能区的主要位置。通过功能磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描对人脑语言区的功能定位较解剖定位涉及区域广。图像融合技术将是今后语言区定位的主导方法。

OBJECTIVE： To review the investigative progress of location of language area in human brain, so as to provide theoretical basis for the anatomical and physical foundation of production of human language, and facilitate treatment and rehabilitation of aphasia. DATA SOURCES： By using the keywords of ＂language area, positron e- mission tomography, fMRI or co-registration＂ in English, the Pubmed database was searched for the articles about the location of language area in human brain published in English from January 1996 to June 2006. Meanwhile, the relevant books of the recent years were searched manually. STUDY SELECTION： ALl the articles were selected firstly, those including the keywords of lgpguage area, positron emission tomography, fMRI or co-registration were collected. The duplicated ones were screened out, and then the rest full-texts were looked up. DATA EXTRACTION： A total of 29 articles and one book about loca- tion of language area in human brain were collected. DATA SYNTHESIS： Wada test was once taken as the golden standard to identify dominant hemisphere of language, the process was an invasive operation, and there was possibility of complications and fewer information. The fMRI is to detect the transiently changed magnetic characters of cerebral cortex with blood-oxygen reaction, it. is noninvasive, the effect of spatial location is good, and the results can be obtained rapidly and accurately. Functional language areas, including auditory speech area, reading speech area, motor speech area and writing speech area could be located by positron emission tomography or fMRI. Finally, the present application of co-registration was discussed and its future was prospected. CONCLUSION： Dominant hemisphere of language is present in most people. The golden standard of Wada test will be replaced by fMRI. Functional language areas are located in temporal lobe, parietal lobe and frontal lobe. Functional language areas located by positron emission tomography or fMRI is wider than that by anatomic location. Co-registration will probably be the most way to locate language area.