女性服刑人员的心理健康状况(英文)

Mental health state of female prisoners

背景:心理健康是个体能够依赖的最为重要的内在资源,是影响个体生存和发展的重要因素。对女性服刑人员这一特殊群体在服刑期间的心理健康水平与特点缺少研究。目的:调查山东省女性服刑人员心理健康水平与特点。设计:以服刑女性为观察对象,回顾性、横断面、多变量抽样现况调查。单位:山东警察学院科技系。对象:调查于2002-01/2002-03在山东警察学院完成。采用类群抽样法从山东省女子监狱,抽取女性服刑人员393名进行问卷调查,均自愿参加本调查,排除有明确的精神疾病者。方法:采用症状自评量表探察女性服刑人员的心理健康水平,包含躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子,以阳性症状总分大于常模2个标准差为有无心理障碍的判别标准。并结合其档案和自编项目问卷收集有关数据资料。统一指导语,集体填写。主要观察指标:女性服刑人员的心理健康水平及心理特点。结果:发放问卷393份,收回后剔除漏答题数在5个以上的及答案明显带有应答一致性偏差的问卷15份,合格问卷378份,有效率是96.2%。①服刑人员症状自评量表阳性反应项目数、总均分、阳性症状总均分皆高于普通群体常模,且达到了极其显著水平,说明女性服刑人员普遍存在不同程度的心理问题。②阳性症状者372人,占98.4%。高于劳教人员中阳性症状者的出现率(40.6%),差异有显著性(χ2=503.59,P<0.001)。在女性服刑人员中有心理障碍者84人,检出率达22.2%。高于心理障碍在普通人群中的出现率(10.54%),差异有显著性(χ2=54.128,P<0.001),说明心理障碍在女性服刑人员中出现率较高。③服刑女性在症状自评量表9个因子上的得分都高于全国成人常模,并达到极其显著的程度。说明被试在躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性方面都有明显的异常。经排序为人际关系敏感>敌对>强迫>抑郁>躯体化>焦虑>恐怖/偏执>精神病性。其中,强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对因子的均分大于2,症状反应已达中度以上。④在偏执、敌对、躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑等因子上的心理问题或心理障碍的检出率较高,表明这些是其存在的主要的心理偏离内容。结论:女性服刑人员的心理健康总体水平较低。其心理障碍的检出率和症状反应程度都明显高于普通群体,且恐怖、强迫、敏感多疑、抑郁和敌对等心理特点突出。

BACKGROUND： Mental health is the most important internal resource that individual can depend on and also an important factor which affects the existence and development of individual.But there are few studies on the level and characteristics of mental health of female prisoners during serving a sentence. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the level and characteristics of mental health of the female prisoners in Shandong Province. DESIGN： Retrospective, cross sectional,multi-varlable and sampling survey based on female prisoners. SETTING： Department of Technology in Shandong Police College. PARTICIPANTS： The investigation was completed in the Shandong Police College from January 2002 to March 2002.Totally 393 female prisoners from the Shandong Female Prison were selected with the grouping-sampling method to give the questionnaire and attend the investigation voluntarily, and the persons with definite mental disease were excluded. METHODS： The mental health items of female prisoners,lncluding 9 factors such as somatization, obsessive-compulsion,sensitivity of human relations, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychosis,were explored with Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90）, and the judging standard of psychologic obstacle was whether the total scores of positive symptoms were 2 standard deviations more than those of the norm or not.And combined with the archives of the female prisoners and the questionnaire of self-editing item,relative data were collectod.The uniform instructional words and the methods of filling in were explained to the female prisoners firstly, and then the answers of the questionnaire were written collectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The mental health level and the psychological characteristics of female prisoners. RESULTS： 393 questionnaires were provided.There were 15 questionnaires excluded because more than 5 questions were missed in the paper or rosponsion consistency deviation appeared obviously after callback.378 questionnaires were valid ,and the effective rate was 96.2%. ①The item numbers of positive reaction,total average seore,toatal average score of positive symptoms of SCL of the prisoners were higher respectively than those of the norm of general group and reached the most significant level. The psychological problems of different degrees were widespread among them.②There were 372 female prisoners who had positive symptoms, and the detection rate was 98.41% ,which was more than that of positive symptoms in prisoners （40.6%）.The significance of difference existed（x^2 =503.59,P 〈 0.001）.There were 84 persons who had psychologic obstacle in the female prisoners,and the. detection rate was 22.2%,which was higher than that of in the general group （10.54%）.The significance of differ- ence existed （x^2=.54.128,P 〈 0.001）. ③The scores of 9 factors of SCL were all higher in the female prisoners than in the adult norm of the country, and reached the most significant degree. It showed that the obvious abnormality existed in the somatization, obsessive-compulsion, sensitivity of human relations, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychosis of the tested persons, and the ordering of them was sensitivity of human relations 〉hostility 〉obsessive obsessive- compulsion 〉depression 〉somatization 〉anxiety 〉phobia anxiety/paranoid ideation〉psychosis.Among the 9 factors,the average scores of obsessivecompulsion, sensitivity of human relations, depression,and hostility were greater than 2,and the symptomatic reaction of them was already above moderate. ④The detection rates of psychological problem or psychologic obstacle Of the factors such as paranoid ideation, hostility, sematization, sensitivity of human relations and anxiety,etc.were higher,which indicated that these were the main psychological deviation contents.CONCLUNSION： Compared with the general group,the total level of mental health of female prisoners is lower, and the detection rate of psychologic obstacle and the degree of symptomatic reaction are obviously higher, and the psychological characteristics such as phobia anxiety, obsessive-compulsio.sensitive-suspiciousness, depression and hostility,etc are outstanding.