城市及边远地区正常儿童听觉状况分析

Analysis of auditory function on normal growth children in city and rural areas

目的：了解我国正常儿童听觉发育状况，为保护儿童听力提供第一手资料。方法：选择秦岭山区和青海湖周边的牧区发育正常的学龄儿童（6～12岁），实地测试纯音全频听力阈值，并以南京市正常学龄儿童作为对照，对比分析三地儿童听觉状况。结果：秦岭山区儿童男女性别间、左右耳听阈在所有测试频率处差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；青海牧区儿童男女差别主要表现在高频和扩展高频听阈，女性优于男性；南京市学龄儿童之间无性别差异。山区儿童和牧区儿童与南京市儿童相比，男性儿童高频听阈特别是扩展高频听阈明显较差，女性儿童除个别低频外没有差异。结论：我国边远乡村儿童听力状况不容忽视，尤其是男性儿童听力状况比城市儿童要严重得多，通过调查分析当地生活状况和生活习惯后认为，那里的儿童几乎没有任何机会接触到现代工业噪声和其他强噪声，造成这种状况的原因可能与当地喜欢燃放鞭炮有关，因此应加强对我国边远乡村儿童防止鞭炮噪声的教育。

Objective：To study the auditory function of Chinese normal growth children, and to get a first hand data for protecting children＇s hearing. Method.. The normal growth children （6 to 12 years old） in Qinling mountain area, pasturing area around Qinghai Lake and Nanjing city were included in the study, and their whole frequency auditory thresholds were examined on the spot. The auditory thresholds were analyzed. Result： There was significant difference between the boys＂ and girls＂ auditory thresholds among nearly the whole frequency in Qinling mountain. And there was signifieant difference between the boys＂ and girls＂ auditory thresholds among high frequency and super high frequency in pasturing area around Qinghai Lake, while the girls＂ auditory function was better than the boys＇. In contrast, in Nanjing city no difference was found between the boys＂ and girls＂ auditory thresholds. The auditory thresholds in high frequency and super high frequency of the boys in Nanjing city were lower than those of the boys in mountain area and plateau pasturing area, while there was no difference between the girls except for low frequency. Conclusion：Worse auditory function was found in Chinese rural areas, especially among the boys. According to the local residents＂ living condition, the children in remote area nearly had no chance to receive the modern industrial noise and other strong noise. So the firecrackers＂ noise perhaps made this situation. And the education to avoid the firecrackers＂ noise must be put into practice in Chinese rural area since childhood.