烤烟主要农艺性状的遗传与相关分析

Genetic and Correlation Analysis for Agronomic Traits in Flue-cured Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)

利用包括基因型与环境互作的加性-显性遗传模型,对14个烤烟品种(系)及其配制的41个杂交组合在4个环境下的7个农艺性状表现进行遗传分析。结果表明,株高、节距、腰叶宽主要受加性效应控制,叶数、腰叶长受显性×环境互作效应影响最大,茎围以加性×环境互作效应、显性×环境互作效应为主,产量以加性效应、显性×环境互作效应为主。适应当地生态条件的品种(系)具有较高的正向加性效应。许多组合的显性主效应及在各试验点的显性×环境互作效应在方向上不尽一致,杂交组合的选配宜针对特定的生态环境进行。性状相关分析表明,大多数成对性状的各项相关系数为正值,且多以加性遗传相关为主,可利用株高对产量进行间接选择。

By using a genetic model including additive and dominance effects and their interaction with environments, 7 agronomic traits were analyzed for a diallel design in 4 environmental conditions with 14 flue-cured tobacco varieties （or breeding lines） and their 41 F1 crosses. It was revealed that additive effects were the major genetic component for plant height, internode length, and width of leaves. Number of leaves and length of leaves were mainly controlled by dominance × environment interaction effects, Additive × environment interaction effects and dominance × environment interaction effects played a major role for girth of stem. Yield performance was mainly controlled by additive effects and dominance × environment interaction effects. The varieties adapted to local environments tended to have highly positive additive effects. Dominance effects and the dominance × environment interaction effects could perform differently in positive or negative direction for many crosses. The breeding program for hybrids should consider the adaptation of hybrids to specific ecological environments. The analysis of correlation among agronomic traits indicated that most of phenotypic, genotypic, additive and dominance correlation coefficients were positive. Additive correlations were predominance in genetic correlations for most pairs of traits. Yield can be improved by indirect selection on plant height.