小儿呼吸道感染常见病毒性病因及其与患儿体液免疫功能关系调查

Correlation of Viral Pediatric Respiratory Infection and the Patient's Humoral Immune Function

目的了解小儿呼吸道感染常见病毒性病因及其与患儿体液免疫功能的关系。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验对144例呼吸道感染患儿进行6种呼吸道病毒IgM抗体检测,对各组进行统计分析。其中72例病毒IgM抗体阳性血清并作非特异性免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM的检测。结果6种病毒IgM抗体总的阳性率为62.5%。流感病毒A型IgM抗体阳性率为52.78%,居病毒感染种类的首位。两种或以上病毒混合感染占41.11%。各年龄组病毒感染总阳性率无显著性差别。上呼吸道感染、支气管炎和肺炎3种疾病的病毒IgM总阳性率未见有显著差别。非特异性免疫球蛋白:1～3岁的患儿的IgG低于参考范围,1～12岁的患儿IgM均高于参考范围。结论小儿呼吸道感染以呼吸道病毒为主,其中以流感病毒A型最为常见,病毒混合感染亦占有相当比例;病毒检出与呼吸道疾病种类、患儿年龄无关。病毒感染所致机体免疫功能改变未明。

Objective To study the correlation of viral pediatric respiratiory infection and the patient＇s humoral immune function. Methods 6 types of respiratory viruses specific IgM antibody levels were determined by ELISA for 144 samples of patients with pediatric respiratory infection. Among these samples, 72 are IgM positive. For these 72 samples, nonspecitic immunoglobulin tests for IgG, IgA and IgM were also performed. Results Overall of the six types of respiratory viruses, the total IgM positive rate is 62.5%. The positive rate of influenza A virus is 52.78%, which stands at the top of other viral infections. The rate of mixed infections of two types or above is 41.11%. We have not seen significant difference on total positive rate among age groups. Nor have we seen it on total IgM positive rate among 3 diseases such as upper-respiratory infection, bronchitis and pneumonia. The positive rates in different seasons showed no difference. For nonspecific immunoglobulin： the IgG level of the 1-3 years old patients is lower than reference scope,while the IgM level of 1-12 years old patients is higher than reference scope. Conclusion Pediatric respiratory infection is mainly caused by respiratory viruses. Influenza A virus is the chief cause of pediatric respiratory infection. Mixed infectionsare common. The type of virus is not related to the type of respiratory disease or the age of the patient. The change of immunity function caused by virus infection is not clear yet.